IUPAC name Ethanol Propanoic acid Methanamine Propenal Propynoic acid Propaneitrile Formulae of compoundĬH3CH2OH CH3CH2COOH CH 3NH 2 CH2 = CHCHO CH º CCOOH The significance of the word root, primary suffix and secondary suffix can be illustrated by the following examples. Class Alcohols Aldehydes Ketones Carboxylic acids Acid chloridesĬlass Acid amides Esters Nitriles Thiols Amines Secondary suffixes for some important functional groups are given below. Secondary suffixes : Suffixes, added after the primary suffix to indicate the particular functional group (groups) present in the carbon chain, are known as secondary suffixes. For example, –diene (for two double bonds), –triyne (for three triple bonds). ethane, ethene, ethyne etc.ģ In case the parent carbon chain contains two, three, four or more double or triple bonds, numerical prefixes such as di (for two), tri (for three), tetra (for four) etc are added to the primary suffix. The primary suffixes for the various saturated and unsaturated carbon chains are mentioned below.
Primary suffixes : The degree of unsturation or saturation in the carbon chain is indicated by primary suffixes. Suffix There are two types of suffixes viz. In general, the word root for any carbon chain is alk. Chains containing one to four carbon atoms are known by special word roots, while chains from C5 onwards are known by Greek numerals. The IUPAC name of an organic compound consists of three partsĪ word root indicates the nature of the basic carbon skeleton. The system of nomenclature, based upon IUPAC rules is known as IUPAC system of nomenclature or systematic nomenclature. Although IUPAC rules were first laid down in 1892, these have been revised at regular intervals to keep them upto-date. A system built on common names is not adequate to communicate structural information of a compound, chemists developed a set of rules for naming organic compounds based on their structures, which we now call the IUPAC rules, where IUPAC stands for the “International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry”. Methane, ethane, propane, n-butane, isobutane, and neopentane are common names. Many common names became so popular that they are still widely used by chemists. These names existed long before organic chemistry became an organized branch of chemical science and structure of organic compounds was not known. This is unscientific system in which certain (not all) compounds are named after their source, their property or a historical aspect. Nomenclature of Organic Compounds There are two general ways for naming organic compounds, namely trivial name (common name) and IUPAC
methane, ethane, methanol, methylamine etc.)īenzenoid (e.g. Open chain or Acyclic or Aliphatic compounds (e.g. Rules for Nomenclature of Alicyclic Compounds Nomenclature for Polycyclic Compounds Nomenclature of Aromatic CompoundsĬlassification of Organic Compounds All the known organic compounds have been divided into various classes as follows. Naming of Compounds having Functional Groups IUPAC Names of Some Organic Compounds Naming of Polyfunctional Compounds Containing Two or More Similar Carbon-Containing Terminal Groups Structural Formula from the IUPAC Name
Classification of Organic Compounds Nomenclature of Organic CompoundsĪlkyl, Alkenyl and Alkynyl Groups Bond-Line Formulas Nomenclature of Branched Chain Alkanes